Hypoxylon howeanum Peck
no common name
Hypoxylaceae
Species account author: Ian Gibson.
Extracted from Matchmaker: Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest.
Introduction to the Macrofungi
no common name
Hypoxylaceae
Species account author: Ian Gibson.
Extracted from Matchmaker: Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest.
Introduction to the Macrofungi
Photograph
Species Information
Summary:
Features include 1) spherical to hemispheric fruitbodies that may coalesce, growing on hardwood, 2) color that is brick red or fulvous darkening to almost black, the surface having inconspicuous perithecial mounds near the periphery with umbilicate openings, the texture fleshy-leathery to woody, and the interior satiny black, 3) orange red granules immediately below surface, and white granules between perithecia, 4) KOH extractable pigments that are orange or rust, and 5) spores that elliptic-inequilateral and brown, with a slight germ slit spore-length on the convex side.
Microscopic:
SPORES 7-9.5 (10) x 3-4.5 microns, elliptic-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, brown to dark brown, unicellular, "with slight sigmoid germ slit spore-length", perispore dehiscent in 10% KOH, smooth, epispore smooth; ASCUS 80-130 x 4.5-6.3 microns, the spore-bearing part 50-70 microns long, the stem 30-77 microns long, with apical ring turning blue in Melzer''s reagent, discoid, 0.4-0.8 microns high and 1.2-2 microns broad; PERITHECIUM 100-300 microns in diameter and 200-400 microns high, spherical to obovoid, ostiole "lower than or at the same level as the stromatal surface", (Ju), SPORES 6-9 x 3-3.5 microns, inequilaterally elliptic, almost opaque, "obliquely monostichous" [in one line or series]; ASCUS 50-60 microns x 5-6 microns in spore-bearing part, elongate, cylindric, with stem 40-50 microns long; PERITHECIUM 200-300 microns in diameter; CONIDIA on surface of stroma 4-6 microns in diameter, round to oblong, colorless, (Miller, J.H.)
Notes:
Hypoxylon howeanum has been found in WA, OR, AL, CT, DE. DC, FL, GA, IA, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, VA, WI, WV, Canada, Cuba, Jamaica, Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom, Africa, China, Japan, Sri Lanka, and Australia, (Miller, J.H.(1)). It is found in MA, NY, VT, Mexico, France, Germany, Italy, India, Japan, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, (Ju). It has been reported from BC (Redhead).
Habitat and Range
SIMILAR SPECIES
Hypoxylon fragiforme is the only other Hypoxylon species with two colors of granules: it differs in the range of the spore size - (10.5)11-15 x 5-6.5(7) microns - and occurs at least as far west as Michigan, (Ju).Habitat
erumpent from bark or from barkless wood; on Alnus (alder), Betula (birch), Carpinus (hornbeam), Castanea (chestnut), Corylus (hazel), Fraxinus (ash), Malus (apple and crab-apple), Ostrya (hophornbeam), Quercus (oak), and others, (Miller, J.H.), hosts including Alnus, Carpinus, Ulmus (elm), Styrax (snowbell), Nothofagus (southern beech), and Pyrus (pear), (Ju)
Synonyms
Synonyms and Alternate Names:
Eichleriella macrospora (Ellis & Everh.) G.W. Martin
Hypoxylon coccinellum Sacc.
Hypoxylon coccineum var. microcarpum Bizz.
Hypoxylon pulcherrimum Hoehn.
Hypoxylon variolosum var. microcarpum (Bizz.) Traverso
Sebacina macrospora (Ellis & Everh.) Burt